HLA B27 Test: Purpose, Procedure, Normal Range & Cost in India

The HLA B27 test is a specialized blood test used to detect the presence of the HLA-B27 protein (human leukocyte antigen B27) on the surface of white blood cells. This protein plays a key role in the immune system and is often associated with autoimmune disorders. The test is commonly ordered when a patient shows symptoms of certain chronic inflammatory conditions, particularly ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and other spondyloarthropathies.

What is HLA B27?

HLA-B27 is a genetic marker that belongs to the human leukocyte antigen system. While having this marker doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll develop an autoimmune disease, its presence is strongly linked with several inflammatory conditions. It helps the immune system distinguish between the body’s own cells and foreign invaders, but in some individuals, it may cause the immune system to attack healthy tissues.

Why is the HLA B27 Test Done?

Your doctor may recommend the HLA B27 test if you exhibit symptoms like:

• Chronic lower back pain and stiffness (especially in young adults)

• Joint pain and inflammation

• Eye inflammation (uveitis)

• Family history of autoimmune diseases

The HLA B27 test helps support the diagnosis of:

• Ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

• Reactive arthritis

• Psoriatic arthritis

• Inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis

• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

• Anterior uveitis

It’s important to note that the test does not diagnose a condition on its own but aids in confirming the diagnosis along with other clinical findings and imaging studies.

Test Procedure

The HLA B27 test is a simple blood test and involves:

1. A healthcare provider draws a blood sample from your vein (usually from the arm).

2. The sample is sent to a specialized lab for analysis.

3. No special preparation is usually needed unless advised otherwise by your doctor.

Results are typically available within 3 to 5 days.

Interpreting HLA B27 Test Results

• Positive (HLA B27 present): You carry the HLA-B27 gene. This increases the likelihood of having or developing an autoimmune condition.

• Negative (HLA B27 absent): You do not carry the gene. However, it doesn't rule out disease as some people without the gene can still develop autoimmune conditions.

About 90–95% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis test positive for HLA B27, while a smaller percentage of the general population (6–8%) also carry the gene without symptoms.

HLA B27 Test Cost in India

The HLA B27 test cost in India varies by location and laboratory. On average:

• Price range: ₹1,200 – ₹3,000

• Available at major diagnostic centers like Thyrocare, Metropolis, SRL, Apollo Diagnostics, and Redcliffe Labs

Many labs offer home sample collection and online report delivery, making it convenient for patients with mobility issues.

Final Thoughts

The HLA B27 test is a valuable diagnostic tool in identifying the genetic risk for certain autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. If you're experiencing persistent joint pain or back stiffness, especially at a young age, consult a specialist and consider this test as part of your diagnostic process. Early detection leads to better disease management and improved quality of life.